brilliant blue fcf titanium dioxide

The conventional surface treatment methods of titanium alloy include glow discharge plasma deposition, oxygen ion implantation, hydrogen peroxide treatment, thermal oxidation, sol-gel method, anodic oxidation, microarc oxidation, laser alloying, and pulsed laser deposition. These methods have different characteristics and are applied in different fields. Glow discharge plasma deposition can get a clean surface, and the thickness of the oxide film obtained is 2 nm to 150 nm [2–8]. The oxide film obtained from oxygen ion implantation is thicker, about several microns [9–14]. Hydrogen peroxide treatment of titanium alloy surface is a process of chemical dissolution and oxidation [15, 16]. The dense part of the oxide film is less than 5 nm [17–21]. The oxide film generated from the thermal oxidation method has a porous structure, and its thickness is commonly about 10-20 μm [22–25]. The oxide film from the sol-gel method is rich in Ti-OH, a composition that could induce apatite nucleation and improve the combining of implants and bone. It has a thickness of less than 10 μm [26–28]. Applied with the anodic oxidation method, the surface can generate a porous oxide film of 10 μm to 20 μm thickness [29–31]. Similarly, the oxide film generated from the microarc oxidation method is also porous and has a thickness of 10 μm to 20 μm [32, 33].

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brilliant blue fcf titanium dioxide2025-08-14 22:18
1963

Leading titanium dioxide manufacturers have started to explore alternative synthesis routes that minimize waste and reduce energy consumption. For instance, some have turned to the sol-gel process, which allows for the production of nanoparticles at lower temperatures with better control over the particle size distribution. Others are looking into recycling waste streams from the manufacturing process to recover titanium compounds, thus closing the loop on material use Others are looking into recycling waste streams from the manufacturing process to recover titanium compounds, thus closing the loop on material use Others are looking into recycling waste streams from the manufacturing process to recover titanium compounds, thus closing the loop on material use Others are looking into recycling waste streams from the manufacturing process to recover titanium compounds, thus closing the loop on material usetitanium dioxid manufacturer.

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brilliant blue fcf titanium dioxide2025-08-14 21:55
388

This article discusses the discovery of phosphorescent lithopone on watercolor drawings by American artist John La Farge dated between 1890 and 1905 and the history of lithopone in the pigment industry in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Despite having many desirable qualities for use in white watercolor or oil paints, the development of lithopone as an artists’ pigment was hampered by its tendency to darken in sunlight. Its availability to, and adoption by, artists remain unclear, as colormen's trade catalogs were generally not explicit in describing white pigments as containing lithopone. Further, lithopone may be mistaken for lead white during visual examination and its short-lived phosphorescence can be easily missed by the uninformed observer. Phosphorescent lithopone has been documented on only one other work-to-date: a watercolor by Van Gogh. In addition to the history of lithopone's manufacture, the article details the mechanism for its phosphorescence and its identification aided by Raman spectroscopy and spectrofluorimetry.

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brilliant blue fcf titanium dioxide2025-08-14 19:46
1642

  • BaSO4+C→BaS+4CO